Index  437

DPI 68–​9

Drosophila 273

drug delivery 419

dual polarization interferometry see DPI

duplex 35, 409–​10

dynamic light scattering 145, 147

ECM 16

E. coli see Escherichia coli

ecomechanics 427

edge-​preserving filters 379

EDL 149

effective potentials see pseudopotentials

eigenfaces see eigenimages

eigenimages 168

EIS see electrical impedance

spectroscopy

elastic scattering 5, 63, 84, 106, 147, 150,

166, 176, 212

electrical double layer see EDL

electrical impedance spectroscopy 303

electrocardiography 303

electroencephalography 303

electromyography 308

electron diffraction 169–​70, 176

electron gun 162

electron microscopy see EM

electron multiplying CCD see EMCCD

electron paramagnetic resonance see

ESR

electron spectroscopy see XPS

electron spin resonance see ESR

electron tomography see ET

electronystagmography 308

electrophoretic light scattering 148

electrophoretic mobility 148

electrophysiology 246, 248, 381

electroporation 275

electrorotation 244, 251–​2

elemental analysis 167, 180–​1

ellipticity 66

EM 9, 23, 106, 162–​70

embedded-​atom method 327

EMCCD 72–​3, 90, 106, 130, 152, 155

emergent structures 14

emission filter 76, 79–​81, 107, 128, 154,

287, 299, 433

empirical potentials 320, 327

endoscopy 308

entropic spring 7, 18, 255, 341, 349, 382

environmental scanning electron

microscope see ESEM

epifluorescence 90–​1, 93, 95, 97, 102–​3,

108, 115, 125–​6, 258

epithelial cervical cells see immortal

cells

epitope 268

epitaxy 290

EPR see ESR

EPS 426

equipartition theorem 50, 218, 229, 233,

252, 260, 317, 392

ergodic hypothesis 204, 324, 356

Erithacus 425

erosion 368

Escherichia coli 16, 108, 117, 270, 338,

353, 398

ESEM 167

ESR 161, 182, 191–​2, 267

ET 166

etalon see Fabry–​Pérot interferometer

ethidium bromide 245

eukaryote 15, 16, 18–​19, 34, 36, 38,

40–​1, 43–​4, 46, 95, 124, 227, 271, 276,

286, 309, 390, 397

European robin see Erithacus

exciton 85–​6, 142, 423

excitation filter 78–​9

excitation volume 95, 98–​9, 120–​1,

130–​3, 142, 156, 353

excluded volume 18, 117, 126, 348–​50,

382, 288

explicit solvent 329–​31, 388

extended x-​ray absorption fine structure

180

extracellular matrix see ECM

extracellular polymeric substances see

EPS

evanescent field 68, 91–​7, 131, 220, 291,

417

evanescent wave equation 92

evaporative deposition 290

Everhart–​Thornley detector 167

fab region 268

Fabry–​Pérot interferometer 76, 79, 153

FACS 65, 106, 295, 419

Faraday cage 167

Fc region 267–​8, 297

FCS 129, 132–​5, 147, 154

FEA see finite element analysis

feedback 16–​17, 54, 65, 106, 112, 203,

214, 219, 235–​6, 238, 241, 246, 252–​3,

277, 299. 333, 353, 365, 381, 396,

399–​401, 405, 414, 428, 432–​3

fermions 326–​7

ferromagnetic materials 226

FT see Fourier transform

FIB see focused ion beam

fibroblasts 239, 272

field flow fractionation 181

finesse coefficient 70

finite element analysis 207

Finnis–​Sinclair model see embedded-​

atom method

FISH 83–​4

fixed charge explicit solvent model 329

FlAsH/​ReAsH 84

flatworm 138, 272, 310

flavins 89

FLIM 101–​2, 129, 155

FLIM-​FRET 129, 155

FLIP 99

flocking 338, 428

Flory’s mean field theory 349

flow cytometry see FACS

fluctuation–​dissipation theorem 14

fluid force microscopy 239

fluid reservoirs 294

fluidic circuits 294

fluorescence-​assisted cell sorting see

FACS

fluorescence correlation spectroscopy

see FCS

fluorescence imaging with one

nanometer accuracy115

fluorescence in situ hybridization see FISH

fluorescence intermittency see

photoblinking

fluorescence lifetime imaging see FLIM

fluorescence loss in photobleaching see

FLIP

fluorescence recovery after

photobleaching see FRAP

fluorescent proteins 29, 83, 87–​8, 115,

169, 224, 241, 269–​70, 279, 372, 412

fluorescent speckle microscopy 117

fluorimetry 63–​5

fluorophore 64–​7, 78–​90, 93–​5, 99,

101–​4, 107, 109, 113, 115–​25, 128–​30,

133–​5, 137–​8, 140, 143, 150, 155–​6,

169, 209–​10, 254, 265, 268–​9, 291,

372, 276

foam physics 381

focal drift 299

focused ion beam 168, 248, 287

Fokker–​Planck equation see

Smoluchowski equation

force clamp 215, 328

Förster radius 128, 131, 155–​6, 428, 433

Förster resonance energy transfer see

FRET

Fourier transform 3, 60, 78, 112, 122,

125, 139, 170, 177, 180, 189–​90, 216,

218, 227, 322, 368

Fourier transform infrared spectrometer

60

Franck–​Condon principle 64

FRAP 99, 353, 355

free-​electron lasers 168; see also XFEL

free-​electron masers 193

free energy 13–​14, 21–​2, 25, 30, 41–​2,

44, 55–​6, 204, 285, 302, 320, 324–​6,

329, 345–​7, 349–​51, 355–​9, 382–​5,

389, 391, 405, 410, 422, 424–​5, 428–​9

free induction decay 190

free spectral range 80

freely jointed chain 255, 341–​2, 386

freely rotating chain 341

freeradical quencher 116

freeze-​fracture 164–​5

frequency doubling 143

Fresnel zone plates 179

FRET 94, 101–​2, 121, 127–​32, 135,

154–​6, 159, 210, 223–​4, 239, 253, 399,

409, 411, 429, 433